Blond girl (not my mom) with Georgia Tann
From a blog by New Hope Investigations, LINK>How a Criminal’s Dark Actions Continue to Shroud Adoptions in Unnecessary Secrecy.
My husband said today, regarding my mom’s adoption facilitated by Georgia Tann, that my mom had been stolen. My mom believed that and had her own story about it. Mostly, thanks to Georgia Tann, my mom’s adoption was “closed” and the file “sealed”, which kept her from obtaining what I now possess (her whole adoption file including letters from my mom, her adoptive mother and her biological genetic mother). I saw falsehoods incorporated into alternate surrender documents to match my adoptive grandmother’s “specifications” for the baby girl she wanted to adopt (a Jill to go with the previously adopted brother, the Jack, in the children’s rhyme). My adoptive grandmother was a repeat customer of Georgia Tann’s, though she was actually more closely involved with Fannie Elrod, who was the superintendent of the Tennessee Children’s Home Society’s entire operation headquartered in Nashville.
The children’s rhyme is actually a dark one – Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water. Jack fell down and broke his crown and Jill came tumbling after. Oh my !!
Ms. Tann orchestrated over 5,000 adoptions between 1924 and 1950, though the actual number is likely closer to 6,000. She kidnapped many of those children before placing them for adoption into families who were only screened for their wealth. Before Georgia Tann entered the picture, adoption was extremely uncommon. With her black market practice, she singlehandedly popularized adoption, kickstarting it into existence as we know it today.
Very unfortunately for adoptees even still today, Georgia Tann made it common practice to falsify adoptees’ birth certificates to reflect incorrect information. She did this to cover her own tracks and mask her sinister crimes. Legislators were all too eager to approve this practice with the supposed intent of sparing adoptees’ the stigma of illegitimacy. In all reality, many of those legislators turned their heads the other way because they themselves had adopted children through Georgia Tann.
Still today, all 50 states issue an original birth certificate to adoptees, as well as an amended birth certificate that reflects the adoptive parents as the birth parents. The original certificate is typically then sealed forever, unable to be accessed even by the adoptee him or herself. (blogger’s note – I am fortunate to actually have a copy of my mom’s original birth certificate.)
As the child of two adoptees who this affected, I grew up not knowing our biological facts, cultural history or ethnic make-up, and nothing of our family medical history. Some adoptees have only bits and pieces of knowledge about themselves. (blogger’s note – this was true for both of my parents at some point in their lives but never a complete knowledge before they each died 4 months apart, after over 50 years of marriage.)
(Blogger’s note – my mom definitely registered her DNA with Ancestry’s database in the hope of uncovering biological family members but it never happened for her. She tried to construct a family tree, based only on the adoptive families for both her self and my dad, but had to give it up because she simply knew it was not “real”. Adoptees are forced to live a false identity.)
Even when Georgia Tann’s crimes were finally publicly outed, she remained safeguarded because of the numerous politicians, legislators, judges, attorneys, doctors, nurses, and social workers who would have gone down with her. She had such a wide net of accomplices that to take her down would have also meant the collapse of a very widespread group of prominent citizens. Memphis was a terribly corrupt city at the time. Georgia Tann died from cancer on September 15, 1950 at age 59.
Certainly, this describes my mom’s mother’s circumstances – The majority of children targeted by Georgia Tann came from poor, white, single mothers who had no resources or support. During the era of Ms. Tann’s operations, and very much perpetuated by Ms. Tann herself, single mothers who kept their children began to be regarded as selfish. It became the norm for the majority of these women to choose adoption when they no longer received support from their families and were instead sent away for the duration of their pregnancies with shame attached to their “condition”. (blogger’s note – my maternal grandparents were married but the lack of financial support from her father or her husband allowed my grandmother to be exploited and coerced by Georgia Tann to surrender my mom.)
The terribly sad effects of adoption – identity crises, bereavement for the loss of their old lives, feelings of isolation, grief over separation from siblings placed elsewhere, depression, confusion, and a host of other negative feelings, behaviors, and difficult experiences – stay with adoptees into their adulthoods. In 1995, the state of Tennessee made original birth certificates available to adoptees who had been born IN the state. (Blogger’s note – that my mom was born in Virginia, although adopted in Memphis, was one of the excuses the state made to deny her the adoption file.)
Blogger’s note – In fact, it was because my mom knew a great deal about Georgia Tann by the early 1990s from a multitude of stories that came out in Good Housekeeping, on 60 Minutes and thanks to Oprah, that my mom believed she had been stolen from her poor, illiterate parents in Virginia and transported to Memphis to be sold by Georgia Tann. That was not the reality and I grieve that although the actual reality of her circumstances does not change the fact that she was adopted, she could have been allowed to know how much she was loved by the woman who gave birth to her and how she struggled to find a way to keep them together.
The New Hope Investigations piece notes in conclusion – “However, over 20 years after Tennessee’s victory, adoptees still face pushback and denial of access to their original birth records.” Also that they wrote their blog inspired by Barbara Bisantz Raymond’s book, The Baby Thief, and praised that she really did her homework having conducted over 1,000 interviews for her phenomenal book. Barbara Bisantz Raymond also previously contacted this blogger, thanks to my own efforts with this blog. When my mom died, still knowing nothing, I felt the responsibility to complete the effort my mom had made to learn her own origins. In having succeeded, I have honored my mom’s trust in sharing her feelings and beliefs with me. Sadly, my adoptee dad was unsupportive.